The TRUTH Behind Indica/Sativa

Understanding the True Definition of Indica and Sativa.

Before we get into it, let’s see what Wikipedia has to say about Cannabis Indica;

Cannabis indica is an annual plant species in the family Cannabaceae indigenous to the Hindu Kush mountains of Southern Asia which produces large amounts of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), with levels up to 53.7% of total cannabinoids, from China, India, Nepal, Thailand, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, as well as southern and western Africa, and is cultivated for purposes including hashish in India. The high concentrations of THC or THCV provide euphoric effects making it popular for use both as a recreational drug, alternative medicine, and a clinical research drug.

Now Cannabis Sativa;

Cannabis sativa is an annual herbaceous flowering plant indigenous to Eastern Asia, but now of cosmopolitan distribution due to widespread cultivation.^[1] It has been cultivated throughout recorded history, used as a source of industrial fiber, seed oil, food, recreation, religious and spiritual moods and medicine. Each part of the plant is harvested differently, depending on the purpose of its use. The species was first classified by Carl Linnaeus in 1753.^[2] The word sativa means “things that are cultivated.”

As you can see, even Wikipedia recognises that the true definition of these plants is related to an area they are known to have grow in hundreds of years ago. In the case of a ‘Sativa’ the true linguistic definition was simply referring to Cannabis that is cultivated as opposed to wild Cannabis. Therefore all Cannabis we use today is by loose definition, Cannabis Sativa.

The effect isn’t mentioned besides noting that typically the plant type referred to as Indica is known to be more resinous and hold higher THC levels than what we consider a ‘Sativa’

So here we are going to try and clear up some of the confusion (or perhaps add to it) in as much of a succinct and scientific method as we possibly know how.

In the world of cannabis, the terms Indica and Sativa have long been used to classify different cultivars. However, the recent lifting of prohibition has allowed new light to be shed on these old classifications and highlighted the crucial role of Terpenes in influencing Cannabis effects. Let’s now explore the taxonomy of Cannabis and delve into the science behind Terpenes to gain a deeper understanding of how they work on the body and their relationship with what we consider Indica and Sativa characteristics.

Traditionally, Indica plants were associated with sedating effects, while Sativa plants were believed to produce energizing effects. However, this oversimplified categorization no longer fully captures the complexity of effect of Cannabis. Genetic studies have shown that the distinctions between Indica and Sativa are not as clear-cut as once believed, with considerable genetic overlap between the two categories. This challenges the notion that effects can be solely attributed to Indica or Sativa classification especially with the hybrid bastardization of many true Indica and Sativa genetics alongside mass extinction of Cannabis Genetics due to Worldwide Prohibition.

What are Terpenes?

Terpenes, aromatic compounds found in cannabis, are responsible for its unique scents and flavors. But their impact goes beyond sensory experiences. Terpenes interact with cannabinoids, such as THC and CBD, creating what is known as the entourage effect. This synergy enhances the overall effects of cannabis, contributing to its therapeutic potential. Terpenes can modulate the effects of cannabinoids, amplifying or modifying their impact on the body. An example is Myrcene, this Terpene thins the Blood/Brain barrier and allows THC to cross into the brain more quickly and at greater quantities giving a stronger more ‘heady’ high.

Terpenes are no longer thought to be passive bystanders in the Cannabis experience. Instead now we know they actively interact with the human body, engaging with receptors, enzymes, and neurotransmitter systems. Different Terpenes have distinct physiological and psychological effects. For example, Myrcene, commonly found in Indica cultivars, is associated with relaxation, while limonene, often present in Sativa cultivars, can enhance mood and energy levels. Understanding the specific Terpenes present in a cultivar can provide insights into its potential effects on the body.

Within the same cultivar, Cannabis plants can exhibit significant variations, known as phenotypes. These variations can result in different Terpene profiles, structural characteristics, and effects. This diversity challenges the strict association of Terpene profiles with Indica or Sativa characteristics. It highlights the importance of considering individual cultivars and phenotypes and their specific Terpene profiles rather than relying solely on broad and antiquated Indica or Sativa labels.

Terpene profiles play a crucial role in shaping the effects of cannabis consumption. While certain Terpenes may be commonly associated with Indica or Sativa traits, it’s essential to recognize that their presence and concentrations can vary within cultivars. This variability contributes to the diverse range of effects observed among different cannabis samples labeled under the same cultivar. Understanding the specific Terpene profile of a cultivar is key to anticipating its potential effects.

Taxonomy doesn’t mean Biology

Even using Indica & Sativa as terms to describe how a plant looks and grows is an accurate way to use the term. An exception to the rule will always exist and you may see a true Indica that grows looking just like a Sativa. A simple reason why using a loose taxonomic definition for biological identification is all wrong.

The ‘Indica’ we know is actually just a certain Terpene profile that usually effects most people the same way and that is a heavy sedating effect. The Terpenes responsible here are known to be Myrcene, Linalool, Humulene. The main being Myrcene with some going as far as to say a true definition between Indica/Sativa is anything with 0.5%+ Myrcene is an Indica, anything below, a Sativa. This is a gross generalisation but closer to the mark nonetheless.

Sativa Terpenes are known to be more Limonene, Carophyllene, and Pinene. As a very general rule of thumb, the tasty, dessert/fruity terpenes tend to be more ‘Sativa’ and the noxious smells like Skunk, Gas, Cheese and chemicals tend to come more from ‘Indica’ based Terpenes.

Ideas from the past

These terms were made by people who had little to zero understanding about Cannabis and were coming from a time so removed from ours that today’s Cannabis would be completely unrecognisable to them. It’s time now to move past these confusing and archaic systems into one where we thrive with a factual and science based approach, something missing for hundreds of years due to prohibition.

In conclusion, our understanding of Indica vs. Sativa and the influence of Terpenes on cannabis effects is evolving. The classifications of Indica and Sativa alone are no longer sufficient to predict the effects of a cultivar accurately. Terpenes, with their aromatic influence and synergistic interactions with cannabinoids, play a vital role in shaping the cannabis experience. By considering specific Terpene profiles, we can better appreciate the complexities and nuances of Cannabis and its effects. As Cannabis experts, it is crucial to stay informed about the latest research and culture and embrace the intricate science behind Cannabis and Terpenes.